Harpers Ferry Election 1860


For several years the National Park Service presented the "Harpers Ferry Election 1860" living history event staged with the assistance of the Frederick Ladies' Relief Society. Often humorous, living historians from across the country gathered to portray the issues, opinions, and activities of the time leading up to the American Civil War. Contained within this page are video clips documenting these events. This virtual event provides a one-of-a-kind resource.


1. Harpers Ferry Landscape provides a National Park Service overview of the living conditions and the social environment as it existed in 1860.

2. Introducing the Democratic, Constitutional Union Party, and Southern Democratic party delegates.

3. Introduction to the "Harpers Ferry Election 1860" event, including suffrage issues and social environment.

4. Popular Sovereignty as a compromise drafted by Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas was an effort to avert secession by allowing voters within new territories and states to determine their own laws regarding slavery. Led to the Kansas/Nebraska War.

5. The Southern Democratic Party broke away from the Democratic Party in an effort to demand state rights over the control of the Federal government and champion the right of individual states to leave the Union. This party was headed by former Vice-President John C. Breckinridge.

6. The Constitutional Union Party advocated a centralized Federal Bank first proposed by Alexander Hamilton, then later destroyed by the Jacksonian Democrats.

7. The Southern Democratic Party delegate explains the suffrage issue- who could vote, who could not, and the reasoning behind the mid 19th-Century standards, which eventually evolved into the exclusionary Jim Crow laws of the 20th-Century.

8. The delegate for the Constitutional Union Party explains his party's platform, which focussed primarily on fiscal and monetary issues, and detailed an executive branch Presidency that merely implements decisions formulated in Congress.

9. The Southern Democratic Party delegate explains the Southern viewpoint regarding tarrifs and fiscal policies they believed favored the needs of Northern Industrialists over the needs of the Southern agricultural society.

10. United States Army historian Kim Holiens presents artifacts from the 1860 Presidential election.

11. Ladies portraying Harpers Ferry slaves present their story, including results of the raid by John Brown.

12. The Southern Democratic delegate presents the issue of American expansionism as Americans ponder the conquest and inclusion of Canada, Mexico, Cuba, and other countries within the Western Hemisphere.

13. The Southern Democratic delegate presents the concept of Manifest Destiny, which was a religous-based political agenda that expounded the belief that the United States was pre-ordained by God to take control over the entire Western Hemisphere.

14. The Constitutional Union Party delegate presents his party's views on commerce.

15. Members of the Wildcat Regimental Brass Band perform period music on period instruments.

16. National Park Service officials present the election results from the presidential election of 1860.


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